A) MANHATTAN METHOD: This is called manhattan because it looks like bunch of building standing up like Manhattan in New York. This style of construction uses small piece of copper clad( the “pads”) glued to a main copper clad circuit board (the “substrate‘’) that serve as component mounting platforms. The electronic components are then mounted and soldered onto these pads. The main “substrate” board serves as the ground plane. This technique is an easy and neat way to build a circuit. It also produces a very quiet circuit due to the solid ground plane. The nibbling tool is used to nibble out small pieces of copper clad from a larger piece. Dremel tool is also sometimes used to cut the pads out of the main board.

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